The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress


LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON IMPORT AND EXPORT COM-MODITY INSPECTION

(Adopted at the Sixth Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Seventh National People's Congress on February 21, 1989, promulgated by
Order No. 14 of the President of the People's Republic of China on
February 21, 1989, and effective as of August 1, 1989)

Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Inspection of Import Commodities
Chapter III Inspection of Export Commodities
Chapter IV Supervision and Administration
Chapter V Legal Responsibility
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
This Law is enacted with a view to strengthening the inspection of import
and export commodities, ensuring the quality of import and export
commodities, protecting the lawful rights and interests of the parties
involved in foreign trade, and promoting the smooth development of China's
economic and trade relations with foreign countries.
Article 2
The State Council shall establish an Administration for Import and Export
Commodity Inspection (hereinafter referred to as the State Administration
for Commodity Inspection), which shall be in charge of the inspection of
import and export commodities throughout the country. The local import and
export commodity inspection authorities (hereinafter referred to as the
commodity inspection authorities) set up by the State Administration for
Commodity Inspection shall be responsible for the inspection of import and
export commodities within areas under their jurisdiction.
Article 3
The commodity inspection authorities and other inspection organizations
designated by the State Administration for Commodity Inspection and the
commodity inspection authorities shall, in accordance with the law,
perform the inspection of import and export commodities.
Article 4
The State Administration for Commodity Inspection shall, in the light of
the needs in the development of foreign trade, make, adjust and publish a
List of Import and Export Commodities Subject to Inspection by the
Commodity Inspection Authorities (hereinafter referred to as the List of
Commodities).
Article 5
Import and export commodities which are included in the List of
Commodities and import and export commodities subject to inspection by the
commodity inspection authorities under other laws or administrative rules
and regulations must be inspected by the commodity inspection authorities
or inspection organizations designated by the State Administration for
Commodity Inspection or the commodity inspection authorities. No
permission shall be granted for the sale or use of import commodities
specified in the preceding paragraph until they have undergone inspection;
and no permission shall be granted for the export of export commodities
specified in the preceding paragraph until they have been found to be up
to standard through inspection.
Import and export commodities specified in the first paragraph of this
Article may be exempted from inspection upon the examination and approval
of an application from the consignee or consignor by the State
Administration for Commodity Inspection.
Article 6
Inspection on import and export commodities performed by the commodity
inspection authorities shall cover quality, specifications, quantity,
weight, packing and the requirements for safety and hygiene.
Import and export commodities governed by compulsory standards or other
inspection standards which must be complied with as provided for by laws
or administrative rules and regulations shall be inspected in accordance
with such inspection standards; in the absence of such stipulations,
import and export commodities shall be inspected in accordance with the
inspection standards agreed upon in the foreign trade contracts.
Article 7
Import and export commodities or items subject to inspection by other
inspection organizations under laws or administrative rules and
regulations shall be inspected in accordance with the provisions of
relevant laws or administrative rules and regulations.
Article 8
The State Administration for Commodity Inspection and the commodity
inspection authorities shall collect information on the inspection of
import and export commodities and make it available to the relevant
circles.

Chapter II Inspection of Import Commodities
Article 9
For import commodities which are subject to inspection by the commodity
inspection authorities in accordance with this Law, the consignee must
register them with the commodity inspection authorities located at the
port of discharge or the station of arrival. Import commodities which are
included in the List of Commodities shall be checked and released by the
Customs upon presentation of the seal of the commodity inspection
authorities affixed to the Customs declaration.
Article 10
For import commodities which are subject to inspection by the commodity
inspection authorities in accordance with this Law, the consignee shall
apply to the same authorities for inspection in places and within the time
limit specified by them. The commodity inspection authorities shall
accomplish the procedures for inspection and issue an inspection
certificate within the period of validity of claims prescribed in a
foreign trade contract.
Article 11
If import commodities other than those which are subject to inspection by
the commodity inspection authorities in accordance with this Law are found
to be not up to the quality standard, damaged or short on weight or
quantity, the consignee shall apply to the commodity inspection
authorities for inspection and the issuance of an inspection certificate
if such a certificate is necessary for claiming compensation.
Article 12
For important import commodities and a complete set of equipment in large
size, the consignee shall, in accordance with the terms agreed upon in a
foreign trade contract, conduct initial inspection or initial supervision
over manufacturing or loading in the exporting country before shipment,
while the relevant competent departments shall strengthen their
supervision. The commodity inspection authorities may, when necessary,
dispatch inspection personnel to take part in such inspection and
supervision.

Chapter III Inspection of Export Commodities
Article 13
For export commodities which are subject to inspection by the commodity
inspection authorities in accordance with this Law, the consignor shall
apply to the same authorities for inspection in the places and within the
time limit specified by them. The commodity inspection authorities shall
accomplish the procedures for inspection and issue a certificate without
delaying the prescribed time for shipment. Export commodities which are
included in the List of Commodities shall be checked and released by the
Customs upon presentation of the inspection certificate or the paper for
release issued by the commodity inspection authorities or the seal of the
same authorities affixed to the Customs declaration.
Article 14
Export commodities which have been inspected and passed by the commodity
inspection authorities and for which an inspection certificate or a paper
for release has been issued by the same authorities shall be declared for
export and shipped out of the country within the time limit specified by
the same authorities. Failing to meet the time limit shall entail
reapplication for inspection.
Article 15
An enterprise manufacturing packagings for dangerous export goods must
apply to the commodity inspection authorities for a test of the
performance of such packagings. An enterprise producing dangerous export
goods must apply to the same authorities for a test of the use of
packagings. No permission shall be granted for the export of dangerous
goods kept in packagings which have not passed a test.
Article 16
For vessel holds or containers used for carrying perishable foods, the
carrier or the organization using the containers shall apply for
inspection before loading. No permission shall be granted for loading and
shipment until the relevant conditions are passed by the inspectors.

Chapter IV Supervision and Administration
Article 17
The commodity inspection authorities may make a random inspection of
import and export commodities beyond those subject to inspection by the
commodity inspection authorities in accordance with this Law. No
permission shall be granted for the export of export commodities found to
be substandard in a random inspection.
Article 18
The commodity inspection authorities may, when necessary, assign
inspection personnel to manufacturers of export commodities which are
included in the List of Commodities to take part in supervision over the
quality inspection of export commodities before they leave the factory.
Article 19
The commodity inspection authorities may undertake the quality
certification of import and export commodities on the basis of agreements
signed between the State Administration for Commodity Inspection and the
foreign bodies concerned or upon entrustment by the foreign bodies
concerned. They may permit the use of quality certification marks on
import and export commodities which have been given quality certification.
Article 20
The State Administration for Commodity Inspection and the commodity
inspection authorities shall, on the basis of the requirements in their
inspection, entrust competent inspection organizations at home and abroad
with the inspection of import and export commodities after examining their
qualifications.
Article 21
The State Administration for Commodity Inspection and the Commodity
inspection authorities shall exercise supervision over the import and
export commodity inspection conducted by the inspection organizations
designated or approved by them and may make a random inspection of the
commodities which have been inspected by such organization.
Article 22
The State shall, when necessary, institute a quality licence system for
important import and export commodities and their manufacturers. The
specific measures thereof shall be drawn up by the State Administration
for Commodity Inspection in conjunction with the relevant competent
departments under the State Council.
Article 23
The commodity inspection authorities may, when necessary, place commodity
inspection marks or sealings on import and export commodities proved to be
up to standard through inspection.
Article 24
In case an applicant for the inspection of import and export commodities
disagrees with the results of inspection presented by the commodity
inspection authorities, he may apply for reinspection to the same
authorities, to those at the next higher level or to the State
Administration for Commodity Inspection. The conclusion on reinspection
shall be made by the commodity inspection authorities or the State
Administration for Commodity Inspection which has accepted the application
for reinspection.
Article 25
The commodity inspection authorities, the inspection organizations
designated by them and other inspection organizations approved by the
State Administration for Commodity Inspection may handle the business of
superintending and surveying import and export commodities as entrusted by
parties involved in foreign trade or by foreign inspection bodies.
The scope of business of superintending and surveying import and export
commodities shall cover: inspection of the quality, quantity, weight and
packing of import and export commodities; inspection of cargoes with
respect to general or particular average; inspection of container cargoes;
damage survey of import cargoes; inspection of technical conditions for
the shipment of exports; measurement of dead tonnage; certification of the
origin or value of exports and other superintending and surveying
services.

Chapter V Legal Responsibility
Article 26
Anyone who, in violation of the relevant provisions of this Law, purposely
markets or uses import commodities which are included in the List of
Commodities or subject to inspection by the commodity inspection
authorities in accordance with other laws or administrative rules and
regulations without having such commodities inspected, or purposely
exports export commodities which are included in the List of Commodities
or subject to inspection by the commodity inspection authorities in
accordance with other laws or administrative rules and regulations without
having such commodities inspected and proved up to standard shall be fined
by the commodity inspection authorities. If the circumstances are serious
and cause heavy economic losses, the criminal responsibility of the
personnel directly responsible shall be investigated by applying mutatis
mutandis the provisions of Article 187 of the Criminal Law.
Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of Article 17 of this Law,
purposely exports export commodities which have been found substandard
during a random inspection by the commodity inspection authorities, shall
be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
Article 27
If the falsifying or remaking of the certificates or documents, seals or
stamps, marks, sealings or quality certification marks for commodity
inspection constitutes a crime, the criminal responsibility of the
personnel directly responsible shall be investigated by applying mutatis
mutandis the provisions of Article 167 of the Criminal Law; if the
circumstances are minor, the offender shall be fined by the commodity
inspection authorities.
Article 28
If a party refuses to accept the punishment decision of the commodity
inspection authorities, he may, within 30 days of receiving the notice on
the punishment, apply for reconsideration to the same authorities which
have made the punishment decision, to those at the next higher level or to
the State Administration for Commodity Inspection. If the party refuses
to accept the decision on the reconsideration, he may, within 30 days of
receiving the notice on the reconsideration decision, bring a suit nor
complies with the punishment decision within the prescribed time limit,
the commodity inspection authorities which have made the punishment
decision shall apply to a court of law for compulsory execution.
Article 29
Any functionary of the State Administration for Commodity Inspection or of
the commodity inspection authorities or any of the inspection personnel of
the inspection organizations designated by the State Administration for
Commodity Inspection and the commodity inspection authorities who abuses
his power, commits irregularities for the benefit of his relatives or
friends, falsifies inspection results or fails to conduct inspection and
issue a certificate within the time limit through dereliction shall,
depending on the seriousness of the circumstances, be given administrative
sanction, or his criminal responsibility shall be investigated according
to law.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 30
The commodity inspection authorities and other inspection organizations
shall collect fees according to relevant provisions for carrying out
inspection or performing superintending and surveying services in
accordance with the provisions of this Law. The procedures for collecting
fees shall be drawn up by the State Administration for Commodity
Inspection in conjunction with the competent departments under the State
Council.
Article 31
Rules for the implementation of this Law shall be formulated by the State
Administration for Commodity Inspection and shall come into force after
being submitted to and approved by the State Council.
Article 32
This Law shall come into force as of August 1, 1989. The Regulations of
the People's Republic of China on the Inspection of Import and Export
Commodities promulgated by the State Council on January 28, 1984 shall be
invalidated as of the same date.



Important Notice:
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.



卫生部


卫生部所属国家重点实验室管理细则
卫生部


（1993年3月16日卫生部发布）

第一章 总 则
第一条 为加强卫生部所属国家重点实验室（简称重点实验室，下同）的管理，确保重点实验室的正常运转，并充分发挥其在科学研究和培养人才方面的作用，特制定本细则。
第二条 卫生部根据医药卫生科学技术发展的趋势和医药卫生事业发展的需要，为做好科学技术的储备，加强基础研究和应用基础研究，促进高新技术的发展，培养和造就优秀的科技人才，促进我国医药科学技术和防病治病水平的提高，在国家计委和科委的指导和支持下，有计划地逐
步建设医学国家重点实验室。
第三条 重点实验室按照国家计委制定的“国家重点实验室建设管理办法”和卫生部制定的本“细则”进行管理，实行开放、流动、联合的运行机制。
第四条 重点实验室的基本任务是，创造良好的科学研究条件和学术环境，吸引和聚集国内外优秀人才，在医学科学技术的前沿领域开展高水平的基础研究，促进新兴、交叉学科的形成和发展，培养造就高层次的医学科技人才。其发展目标是办成具有国际水平的医学科学研究中心和高
层次人才的培养基地。
第五条 重点实验室由卫生部统一领导，日常工作按隶属关系进行管理。

第二章 管理体制
第六条 卫生部负责对其批准的重点实验室实行统一管理。重点实验室的建设规划及计划、立项论证，建成后的验收、运转情况检查等工作由卫生部科技司牵头负责指导；建设过程中及日常管理工作中涉及人事、基本建设、条件财务、外事等项工作分别由卫生部人事司、计划财务司、
外事司负责指导并帮助解决实际问题。
第七条 医科大学、医学科学院（包括预防医学科学院，下同）、卫生厅、（局）等主管单位在卫生部指导下，领导和管理所属单位的重点实验室。其职责是：受托组织重点实验室评议、建设验收；提出重点实验室主要负责人建议，聘任重点实验室及其学术委员会副主任；对重点实验
室的发展方向和开放工作进行帮助指导和检查监督；核拨专职科研编制；帮助重点实验室筹措资金，改善研究条件。
第八条 重点实验室依托单位（包括医科大学）对重点实验室的正常运转及研究目标的实现负有重要责任，其职责是：对行政、政工、人事、外事工作实行领导；对实验室的业务工作进行指导、监督；对国有资产进行管理；对财务工作进行监督审计；筹措资金，改善工作条件；对重点
实验室人员配备、购置器材、试剂、水电气供应及仪器维修等问题予以优先解决；切实搞好对外开放的配套建设和后勤保障工作。
第九条 重点实验室是相对独立的科研实体。建设在各医科大学的重点实验室的主任应参加系、部级有关会议；建设在独立研究机构的重点实验室的主任应参加所级有关会议。主管单位应发给重点实验室相应级别的文件。
第十条 重点实验室设立独立的学术委员会，是实验室的学术领导机构。其主要职能是：决定重点实验室的研究方向，审定研究课题，评价科研成果，监督经费使用。学术委员会委员由依托单位遴选，经主管单位报卫生部同意后，由主管单位聘任。学术委员会主任由主管单位提名，卫
生部聘行。如工作需要，可设1－2名副主任委员，经卫生部同意后，由主管单位聘任。学术委员会中本学校或研究所的委员不得超过三分之一。学术委员会任期一般三年，每次换届更换的人数不得少于四分之一。
第十一条 重点实验室实行依托单位领导下的主任负责制。实验室主任对重点实验室的行政工作、科学研究、人才培养、专职人员聘任、学术交流、资产及技术管理、环境安全、财务等实行统一管理，全面负责；并有责任向上级主管部门和学术委员会报告工作情况。实验室主任由依托
单位的主管单位提名，卫生部聘任。副主任由主任提名，由主管单位聘任。重点实验室主任外出半年以上，主管单位应及时指派人员代理或向卫生部提出调整建议。重点实验室正副主任任期一般为三年，可连续聘任，但一般不得超过三届。
第十二条 国家重点实验室的职责是：按国家计委及卫生部的有关管理规定运转，在计划任务书规定的研究方向下保证各科研课题的顺利开展，并负责实验室课题及经费管理；仪器设备管理；安排对外开放工作；组织学术活动；执行各项规章制度；按期报送年度总结与年报统计，配合
上级有关部门完成评议、验收和评估等工作。
第十三条 重点实验室可刻制自己的公章，主要用于与有关研究、教学单位的业务联系和学术交流，实验室对卫生部及其它国家行政管理机构的正式文件（包括实验室主要负责人的提名或更换建议，学术委员会组成的建议，以及办理实验室人员出国手续等），应经依托单位同意后按隶
属关系上报。

第三章 组织机构及其职责
第十四条 重点实验室内一般不下设研究室。可根据一定时期研究任务，由实验室主任决定设置课题研究组。
第十五条 重点实验室主任根据研究工作需要，可设立若干功能实验室，协助各课题组完成课题研究实验工作。
第十六条 可设立重点实验室仪器设备管理维修小组，负责公用仪器设备的保管、使用及维修，组长由实验室主任聘任。
第十七条 可设立实验室办事机构，聘任行政、学术秘书，在实验室主任领导下处理日常事务。

第四章 人员管理
第十八条 重点实验室人员由固定人员及客座人员组成。各重点实验室应根据科研任务需要，建立技术等级与专业、年龄结构合理的实验技术队伍和精干的研究队伍。
第十九条 固定人员是指经过核定的属于重点实验室的研究人员、技术人员、管理人员等，在编的人员数，一般不超过50人。
第二十条 重点实验室固定人员编制，由依托单位调剂解决，并作为重点实验室的立项条件及评价执行情况的指标之一。
第二十一条 客座人员是指在重点实验室内承担研究课题，并在重点实验室内进行研究工作，编制不在重点实验室内的人员。客座人员包括独立或合作承担重点实验室开放基金课题的人员，自带经费来实验室进行研究人员；不包括一般要求测试的人员。
第二十二条 重点实验室的客座人员应逐步增加，最终达到占固定专职研究人员总数的半数以上。
第二十三条 重点实验室的固定人员和客座人员均实行聘任制。

第五章 课题管理
第二十四条 国家重点实验室主要从事基础研究和应用基础研究。其研究课题的学术水平应处于国内领先地位，在国际上也应有一定竞争能力。
第二十五条 国家重点实验室开放后应制定课题招标指南，由实验室学术委员会审定后对外公布，实行招标，中标课题实行合同管理。实验室开放后开放课题数应占总课题数的一半左右。
第二十六条 实验室课题参加人员，均应在同意实验室各项管理规定、课题研究计划以及所承担的任务基础上签订协议书，凡不能按协议完成工作时，实验室主任有权解除聘用。
第二十七条 课题结束后研究人员应写出书面总结报告，向实验室学术委员会及卫生部汇报，并存入实验室技术档案。

第六章 对外开放
第二十八条 已建成并经验收的国家重点实验室必须对外开放。在建的国家重点实验室具备开放条件的，经过批准可实行边建设，边开放。
第二十九条 国内外高等院校、研究单位的科研人员，均可在重点实验室发布的课题招标指南范围内提出课题申请。有博士学位的青年科学工作者，可申请在重点实验室进行博士后研究。硕士及博士生导师，可带研究生到重点实验室从事阶段性研究工作。
第三十条 重点实验室应优先对承担国家科技攻关项目和高技术研究等计划的研究课题实行开放，并提供实验研究条件。
第三十一条 重点实验室应在运行中不断加强，在科研、设备、环境条件逐步完善的情况下尽快扩大开放度，以期提高实验室效益。
第三十二条 重点实验室运行开放后，依托单位应保证学术委员会通过的科研方向及课题的顺利进行，保证客座人员的生活和工作条件，免费或低租提供客座人员相应等级的宿舍，按照本单位工作人员待遇提供膳食、借阅图书、医疗等条件，医疗费用回原单位报销。
第三十三条 重点实验室应给予客座人员适当的生活补助费，高级职称人员、外地人员应与其他人员有所区别。

第七章 仪器设备使用管理
第三十四条 重点实验室仪器设备管理工作原则上应依照卫生部所发“卫生事业单位仪器设备管理办法（暂行）”中规定的原则进行。重点实验室仪器设备必须指定专人负责管理，并注意开发所管仪器的全部功能使其充分发挥作用。
第三十五条 进口仪器应用中英文编写操作规程、工作方法、对测试材料的要求，常规测试项目等。
第三十六条 仪器设备使用人员必须严格遵守操作规程。因未遵守操作规程引起损坏时，应查明责任，按有关规定予以处理。
第三十七条 仪器使用时应优先照顾重点实验室内的重点课题，以便保证重点课题的按期完成。
第三十八条 重点实验室仪器设备均应对外开放使用，实验室应根据仪器设备的实际消耗制订合理的收费标准，对依托单位给予优惠，对外服务收费主要用于维持消耗材料及维修所需经费，一般应低于社会上收费标准。
第三十九条 要注意仪器设备及实验室的防火、防水等安全管理，避免给国家造成不必要的财产损失。重点实验室应确定安全负责人及预防措施，确保实验室安全运行。

第八章 人才培养
第四十条 重点实验室应充分利用实验室先进仪器设备和管理体制，吸引和聚集人才。
第四十一条 要注重对中、青年科学工作者的培养，特别要注重从优秀中青年科学工作者中选拔和培养学术带头人。
第四十二条 根据国家有关规定和重点实验室具体情况设立研究生点和博士后流动站，力求使研究生、博士后不只在思路上、方法上得到培养，而且在科学作风、思想品德等方面均有所提高，使实验室成为培养德才兼备的高级人才的基地。
第四十三条 经常组织和参加多种类型的国内外学术研讨会，以扩大交流，促进人才培养。
第四十四条 有计划地向国外派遣各种层次的研究人员，学习国外先进技术和进展。
第四十五条 重点实验室应定期组织室内学术活动，充分发扬学术民主，给每一位科技人员显露才华创造机会。

第九章 经费管理
第四十六条 重点实验室的运行经费主要从国家科学技术委员会管理的“重点实验室运行补助费”取得；开放课题费主要由卫生部、主管单位和依托单位共同支持解决；固定人员的日常研究经费应通过承担国家、部门、地区的研究课题解决。鼓励外单位人员自带课题、经费来实验室从
事研究工作。
第四十七条 重点实验室运行补助费，用于资助中标课题，维持仪器设备正常工作所需的水、电、气、消耗性试剂和材料，仪器设备的零配件购置、维修费及小型仪器费用支出。
第四十八条 开放课题经费主要用于开放课题所需的材料费、小型配套设备购置费、仪器租用费、测试费，加工费以及水、电、气消耗费，客座研究人员来重点实验室的工作津贴、交通及住宿补贴费等。
第四十九条 重点实验室应对开放课题在测试费、试剂费等费用上给予优惠，但开放课题经费只能在重点实验室内使用，所购置仪器设备、试剂不得带回客座人员单位。
第五十条 经费使用不得违反国家财政规定。国家对重点实验室的专项拔款，应专款专用。重点实验室可设有独立帐号，依托单位指导、协助管理。

第十章 成果管理
第五十一条 重点实验室研究成果归国家所有，创造职务技术成果的实验室有权使用和转让。
第五十二条 外籍客座研究人员成果根据协议决定归属。
第五十三条 重点实验室课题及取得课题资助费的开放课题，在发表学术论文及成果评定时，均应标明所在的重点实验室名称。
第五十四条 开放课题研究成果由重点实验室和客座人员所在单位共同分享，或按协议分享。
第五十五条 自带经费课题的成果，归客座人员单位所有，但在申报成果时须注明完成成果的重点实验室的名称。
第五十六条 重点实验室课题（包括开放课题）成果的资料，均应存入实验室技术档案。

第十一章 附 则
第五十七条 卫生部所属各国家重点实验室及依托单位可依此细则制订具体规定。
第五十八条 拟对外开放的卫生部级重点实验室可参照执行。
第五十九条 本细则由卫生部负责解释。
第六十条 本细则自发布之日起施行。卫生部1987年下发的《卫生部属国家重点实验室工作管理通则》即行失效。



1993年3月16日